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LAWRENCE  J.  GUTTER 

Collection  of  Chicogoono 

THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   ILLINOIS 
AT  CHICAGO 

The  University  Library 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2012  with  funding  from 

CARLI:  Consortium  of  Academic  and  Research  Libraries  in  Illinois 


http://archive.org/details/chicagobarassocOOchic 


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Certificate   of   ©rgatmation 


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AMMMMAV 


CH  ICAGO  : 
DONNELLEY..  GASSETTE    &    LOYD.    Printers 

Clark  and   Adams  Streets. 


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JJtate  of  Jlltrtots, 
DEPARTMENT    OF    STATE, 

GEORGE     H.    HARLOW, 

Secretary  of  State. 

'O    ALL    TO    WHOM    THESE    PRESENTS   SHALL    COME  —  GREETING 


Whereas,  a  Certificate  duly  signed  and  acknowledged,  having  been  filed  in  the 
Ofiice  of  the  Secretary  ofi  State,  on  the  -2-jth  day  of  May,  A .  D.  1874,  for  the  organi- 
zation of  The  Chicago  Bar  Association,  under  and  in  accordance  with  the  provisions 
of  ^  An  Act  Concer?iing  Corporations"  approved  April  18,  1872,  and  in  force  July 
1,  1872,  a  copy  of  which  Certificate  is  hereto  attached : 

Now,  therefore,  I,  George  H.  Harlow,  Secretary  of  State  of  the  State  of  Illinois, 
by  virtue  of  the  powers  and  duties  vested  in  me  by  law,  do  hereby  certify  that  the  said 

C|)e  (Efncago    IS  at   ^Lsisoctatfcm 

Is  a  legally  organized  corporation  under  the  laws  of  this  State. 

In  testimony  whereof,  I  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  cause  to  be  affixed  the  great 
seal  of  State.     Done  at  the  city  of  Springfield,  this   zjth    day  of  May,  in  the  year 

Yp %(      of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy-four,  and  of  the 

Independence  of  the  United  States  the  ninety-eighth. 


*f 


■* 


(Signed). 


George  H.  Harlow, 

Secretary  of  State. 


State  tdj  |fHmm$, 

COOK  COUNTY. 


ss. 


We,  the  undersigned,  being  citizens  of  the  United  States,  desiring  to 
form  an  Association,  not  for  pecuniary  profit,  pursuant  to  an  Act  of  the 
General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  entitled  "An  Act  concerning 
Corporations,"  approved  April  18,  1872,  do  hereby  certify  that  the  following 
is  a  true  statement  of  the  name  or  title  by  which  such  Association  shall  be 
known  in  law;  the  particular  business  and  object  for  which  it  is  formed; 
the  number  of  its  managers,  and  the  names  of  the  same  selected  for  the  first 
year  of  its  existence,  viz : 

1.  Name  or  title  :  "  The  Chicago  Bar  Association." 

2.  Particular  business  and  object  is,  to  establish  and  maintain  the  honor 
and  dignity  of  the  profession  of  the  law,  to  cultivate  social  intercourse  among 
its  members,  and  to  increase  its  usefulness  in  promoting  the  due  administra- 
tion of  justice. 

3.  Number  of  Managers,  Thirteen  (13). 

4.  Names  of  the  Managers  selected  for  the  first  year : 

William  C,  Goudy.  Lyman  Trumbull. 

Thomas  Hoyne.  A.  M.  Pence. 

Wirt  Dexter.  Edwin  C.  Larned. 

Stephen  A.  Goodwin.  Ezra  B.  McCagg. 

Murray  F.  Tuley.  Wm.  P.  Black. 

Charles  M.  Hardy.  Wm.  H.  Barnum. 
Ira  Scott. 

5.  Location,  Chicago,  Illinois. 

(Signed),  Charles  M.  Sturges. 

James  P.  Root. 
C.  B.  Lawrence. 
Charles  Hitchcock. 
Robert  T.  Lincoln. 
Ira  O.  Wilkinson. 

STATE  OF  ILLINOIS,  I 
Cook  County.  j    s" 

I,  W.  O.  Robinson,  a  Notary  Public  in  and  for  said  County,  in  the  State  of  Illinois,  do 
hereby  certify  that  C.  B.  Lawrence,  Charles  Hitchcock,  Robert  T.  Lincoln,  Ira  O.  Wilkin- 
son, James  P.  Root,  and  Charles  M.  Sturges,  personally  known  to  me  as  the  same  persons 
whose  names  are  subscribed  to  the  foregoing  Certificate,  appeared  before  me  this  day  in 
person,  and  severally  acknowledged  that  they  signed  said  Certificate  in  writing  for  the  pur- 
poses and  uses  therein  set  forth. 

Given  under  my  hand  and  notarial  seal,  this  22d  day  of  May,  A.  D.  1874. 

[Notarial  Seal.]  W.  O.  ROBINSON, 

Notary  Public. 


BY-LAWS 


The    (Chicago    Bar    Association 


i. 

The  Association  shall  be  called  "  The  Chicago  Bar  Asso- 
ciation." 

II. 

The  Association  is  established  to  maintain  the  honor  and 
dignity  of  the  profession  of  the  law,  to  cultivate  social  inter- 
course among  its  members,  and  to  increase  its  usefulness  in 
promoting  the  due  administration  of  justice. 


III. 

Section  i.  The  members  of  the  legal  profession  practicing 
in  the  City  of  Chicago,  whose  names  appear  on  the  roll  at  the 
end  hereof,  are  hereby  declared  to  be  members  of  this  Asso- 
ciation. 

Any  member  of  the  profession,  in  good  standing,  practicing 
in  the  City  of  Chicago,  may  become  a  member  by  vote  of  the 
Association,  on  recommendation  of  the  Committee  on  Admis- 
sion, as  hereinafter  provided,  and  on  subscribing  the  said  Roll 
and  paying  the  admission  fee. 


All  Judges  of  Courts  of  Record  in  Illinois,  and  all  members 
of  the  profession  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  in  good  standing,  not 
practicing  in  the  City  of  Chicago,  may,  in  like  manner,  become 
members  of  the  Association,  having  all  the  privileges  of  the 
same,  except  that  of  voting. 

Section  2.  The  Committee  on  Admission  shall  have  power 
to  make  such  regulations  in  relation  to  proposals  for  member- 
ship, and  notice  thereof,  as  they  may,  from  time  to  time,  deem 
needful,  subject  to  alteration  and  revision,  from  time  to  time, 
by  the  Association. 

Candidates  against  whom  there  shall  be  a  negative  vote  in 
the  Committee,  shall  not  be  recommended  for  admission.  Upon 
being  recommended,  the  report  of  the  Committee  shall  be  laid 
over  until  the  next  meeting,  at  which  time  a  vote  by  ballot 
shall  be  taken  in  the  Association,  and  one  negative  vote  in 
every  five  of  those  present  shall  exclude  the  candidate,  and  the 
candidate  so  excluded  shall  not  again  be  presented  for  mem- 
bership within  six  months  thereafter. 


IV. 

OFFICERS. 

The  officers  of  the  Association  shall  be  a  President,  two 
Vice  Presidents,  a  Secretary,  a  Treasurer,  a  Board  of  Managers 
of  nine  members,  of  which  the  President,  Vice-Presidents  and 
Secretary  shall,  ex-officio,  be  additional  members,  and  a  Com- 
mittee on  Admissions,  to  consist  of  nine  members.  The 
Officers,  after  the  first  election  hereunder,  shall  be  elected  at 
the  annual  meeting,  to  be  held  on  the  second  Saturday  of 
January  in  each  year  hereafter. 

The  Board  of  Managers  and  the  Committee  on  Admissions 
first  chosen  under  the  By-Laws,  shall  divide  themselves  into 


three  classes  of  equal  numbers  each.  The  first  class  of  each 
Committee  shall  hold  office  for  three  years ;  the  second  class 
two  years  ;  the  third  class  one  year;  and  thereafter,  each  annual 
election  shall  be  for  three  members  of  the  Board  of  Managers, 
and  three  members  of  the  Committee  on  Admissions,  to  hold 
office  three  years,  and  for  such  additional  number,  if  any,  to 
fill  vacancies,  to  hold  office  during  the  remainder  of  the  terms 
of  the  members  whose  places  they  fill.  The  number  of  the 
foregoing  committees  may  be  diminished  or  increased  at  any 
annual  meeting,  by  a  vote  of  the  Association. 

V. 

The  Board  of  Managers  shall  manage  the  affairs  of  the 
Association,  subject  to  the  By-Laws,  and  they  shall  provide  a 
permanent  place  for  the  use  of  the  Association. 

VI. 

MEETINGS    OF    THE    ASSOCIATION. 

There  shall  be  an  annual  meeting  of  the  Association  on  the 
second  Saturday  in  January  of  each  year,  and  such  stated  and 
other  meetings  as  shall  be  provided  in  the  By-Laws. 

VII. 

ADMISSION    FEE.* 

The  admission  fee  shall,  in  all  cases,  be  fifteen  dollars,  to  be 
paid  on  signing  the  roll  of  members,  and  no  member  shall  be 
subject  to  annual  dues  during  the  current  year  of  his  admission. 

VIII. 

Any    member    of    the    Association    may   be     suspended    or 

*  As  Amended  April  6,  1878. 


expelled  for  misconduct  in  his  relations  to  this  Association,  or 
in  his  profession,  on  conviction  thereof,  in  such  manner  as  may 
be  prescribed  by  the  By-Laws,  and  all  interest  in  the  property 
of  the  Association  of  persons  resigning,  or  otherwise  ceasing 
to  be  members,  shall  vest  in  the  Association. 

IX. 

All  elections  shall  be  by  ballot.  The  officers  elected  shall 
enter  upon  their  duties  immediately  upon  their  election,  and 
shall  hold  office  until  their  successors  are  elected  or  appointed. 

In  case  of  a  vacancy  in  any  office,  it  shall  be  filled  by 
appointment  of  the  Board  of  Managers  until  the  annual  elec- 
tion, except  in  the  case  of  a  vacancy  occurring  in  the  office  of 
President,  which  shall  be  filled  by  the  Association,  at  its  first 
stated  meeting,  occurring  more  than  ten  days  after  the  happen- 
ing of  such  vacancy. 


X. 


THE    PRESIDENT    AND    VICE-PRESIDENTS. 

The  President  shall  preside  at  all  meetings  of  the  Associa- 
tion, and  in  case  of  his  absence,  any  one  of  the  Vice-Presidents, 
who  shall  be  chosen  without  ballot,  shall  preside. 


XI. 


SECRETARY. 

The  Secretary  shall  keep  a  record  of  the  proceedings  of  all 
meetings,  and  of  all  other  matters  of  which  a  record  shall  be 
deemed  advisable  by  the  Association. 

He  shall  notify  the  officers  and  members  of  their  election, 
and  shall  keep  a  roll  of  the  members,  and  shall  issue  notices  of 


all  meetings,    and   shall   conduct    the    correspondence  of  the 
Association,  with  the  concurrence  of  the  President. 

*  When  any  names  of  candidates  for  admission  shall  be 
reported  favorably  to  the  Association  by  the  Committee  on 
Admissions,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Secretary  to  forthwith 
prepare  and  mail  to  each  member  of  the  Association  printed 
slips  containing  names  of  such  candidates,  and  the  date  of 
meeting  upon  which  they  are  to  be  voted. 

XII. 

TREASURER. 

The  Treasurer  shall  collect,  and,  under  the  direction  of  the 
Board  of  Managers,  disburse  all  funds  of  the  Association;  he 
shall  report  annually,  or  oftener  if  required  ;  he  shall  keep 
regular  accounts,  which  shall  be,  at  all  times,  open  to  the 
inspection  of  any  member  of  the  Board  of  Managers  ;  his 
accounts  shall  be  audited  by  a  Committee  of  three  members  of 
the  Association,  to  be  elected  by  ballot  at  the  stated  meeting 
preceding  the  annual  meeting  in  each  year. 

XIII. 

MEETINGS    OF    THE    BOARD    OF    MANAGERS. 

The  Board  of  Managers  shall  meet  at  least  once  a  month, 
except  in  July,  August  and  September.  They  shall  have  power 
to  make  such  regulations  (not  inconsistent  with  the  By-Laws), 
as  shall  be  necessary  for  the  protection  of  the  property  of  the 
Association,  and  for  the  preservation  of  good  order  in  the 
conduct  of  its  affairs. 

They  shall  keep  a  record  of  their  proceedings,  which   shall 

*  Amendment,  adopted  March  6, 1875. 


be  read  at  the  ensuing  meeting  of  the  Association;  and  it  shall 
be  their  duty  to  present  business  for  the  action  of  the  Associa- 
tion ;  they  shall  have  no  power  to  make  the  Association  liable 
for  any  debts  amounting  to  more  than  half  of  the  amount  in 
the  Treasurer's  hands,  in  cash,  and  not  subject  to  prior  liabili- 
ties; nor  shall  they  have  power  to  make  any  contract  binding, 
personally,  upon  members  of  the  Association. 

XIV. 

There  shall  be  stated  meetings  of  the  Association  held  on 
the  first  Saturday  of  every  month,  except  the  month  of  Jan- 
uary, when  the  annual  meeting  takes  place,  and  the  months  of 
July,  August,  and  September,  unless  otherwise  ordered  by  the 
Board  of  Managers.  At  these  stated  meetings,  and  at  any 
regular  adjourned  meeting  thereof,  all  the  powers  of  the  Asso- 
ciation may  be  exercised. 

Special  meetings  may  be  called  at  any  time  by  the  Board  of 
Managers,  or  such  special  meetings  shall  be  called  by  the  Sec- 
retary, upon  the  written  request  of  ten  members  of  the 
Association.  At  such  special  meetings  no  business  shall  be 
transacted  except  such  as  shall  be  specified  in  the  call  thereof. 

The  presence  of  twenty  members  shall  be  necessary  to  con- 
stitute a  quorum  at  any  meeting  of  the  Association,  which 
number  may  be  increased  or  diminished  by  any  subsequent 
By-Law. 

XV. 

The  annual  dues  shall  be  fixed  and  assessed  at  the  annual 
meetings  hereafter,  and  shall  be  collectible  forthwith,  and  any 
member  in  default  after  thirty  days'  notice,  shall  cease  to  be  a 
member,  unless  excused  by  the  Board  of  Managers. 


THE   CHICAGO  BAR   ASSOCIATION.  II 

*  When  any  person  has  ceased  to  be  a  member  of  the  Asso- 
ciation because  of  a  failure  to  pay  dues,  he  may  be  reinstated 
by  the  Board  of  Managers  in  their  discretion,  upon  the  pay- 
ment of  all  dues. 

XVI. 

At  each  stated  meeting  of  the  Association  the  order  of  busi- 
ness shall  be  as  follows: 

i.     Reading  of  minutes  of  preceding  meeting. 

2.  Reading  of  minutes  of  Board  of  Managers. 

3.  Report  of  Board  of  Managers. 

4.  Report  of  Treasurer. 

5.  Report  of  Committee  on  Admissions. 

6.  Election. 

7.  Report  of  Committee  on  Amendment  of  the  Law. 

8.  Report  of  Judiciary  Committee. 

9.  Report  of  Committee  on  Grievances. 

10.  Report  of  Committee  on  Legal  Education. 

11.  Report  of  Committee  on  Inquiry. 

12.  Report  of  Special  Committees. 

13.  Miscellaneous  Business. 

This  order  of  business  may  be  changed  by  a  vote  of  the 
majority  of  the  members  present. 

The  usual  parliamentary  rules  and  orders,  otherwise  than  as 
herein  provided,  shall  govern  all  meetings  of  the  Association. 

XVII. 

If  any  person  elected  does  not,  within  one  month  after  notice 
of  his  election,  signify  his  acceptance  by  signing  the  Roll,  and 
payment  of  his  admission  fee,  he  shall  be  deemed  to  have 
declined  to  become  a  member. 

*  As  amended  May  5,  1877. 


XVIII. 

There  shall  be  the- following  Standing  Committees  : 

(a.)  A  Committee  on  the  Amendment  of  the  Law,  which 
shall  be  charged  with  the  duty  of  attention  to  all  proposed 
changes  in  the  law,  and  of  recommending  such  as,  in  their 
opinion,  may  be  entitled  to  the  favorable  influence  of  this 
Association. 

(b.)  A  Judiciary  Committee,  which  shall  be  charged  with 
the  duty  of  the  observation  of  the  working  of  our  judicial  sys- 
tem, the  collection  of  information,  the  entertaining  and 
examination  of  projects  for  a  change  or  reform  in  the  system, 
and  of  recommending,  from  time  to  time,  to  the  Association, 
such  action  as  they  may  deem  expedient. 

(<r.)  A  Committee  on  Grievances,  which  shall  be  charged 
with  the  hearing  of  all  complaints  against  members  of  the 
Association,  and  also  all  complaints  which  may  be  made  in 
matters  affecting  the  interests  of  the  legal  profession  and  the 
practice  of  the  law,  and  the  administration  of  justice,  and  to 
report  the  same  to  this  Association,  with  such  recommendation 
as  they  may  deem  advisable. 

(d.)  A  Committee  on  Legal  Education,  which  shall  be 
charged  with  the  duty  of  examining  and  reporting  what 
changes  it  is  expedient  to  propose  in  the  system  of  legal  edu- 
cation, and  of  admission  to  the  practice  of  the  profession  in 
the  State  of  Illinois. 

(<?.)  *  A  Committee  of  Inquiry,  consisting  of  three  members, 
which  shall  be  charged  with  the  duty  of  investigating  all  mis- 
demeanors and  every  breach  of  professional  conduct  on  the 
part  of  any  member  of  the  Bar  practicing  the  profession  of  the" 
law    in    the    city  of  Chicago;  and    also   of   investigating    any 

*  As  amended  February  3,  1877. 


improper  conduct  of  any  officer  or  person  engaged  in  the 
administration  of  justice  in  said  city,  which  conduct  shall,  in 
the  opinion  of  such  Committee,  tend  to  the  obstruction  of 
justice;  and  also  of  investigating  any  abuses  which  now  or 
shall  hereafter  exist  in  the  administration  of  justice  in  said 
city.  Said  Committee  shall  take  testimony  and  bring  any  such 
matters  either  before  the  Committee  on  Grievances  or  before 
the  Association,  with  such  report  or  recommendation  as  the 
members  of  such  Committee  shall  deem  proper. 

And  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  such  Committee,  either  on  com-  - 
plaint  made  to  them  or  on  hearing  of  any  such  misdemeanor, 
improper  conduct  or  abuses,  to  investigate  and  report  upon  the 
same  of  their  own  motion. 


XIX. 

Each  of  the  Committees  named  in  the  foregoing  By-Law 
shall  be  a  Committee  of  five,  and  shall  be  appointed  annually 
by  the  President  of  the  Association,  and  shall  continue  in 
office  until  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Association  next  after 
their  appointment,  and  until  their  successors  are  appointed, 
with  power  to  fill  vacancies,  and  to  adopt  rules  for  their  own 
government. 

Any  Standing  Committee  may,  by  rule,  provide  that  three 
successive  absences  from  the  meetings  of  the  Committee,  unex- 
cused,  shall  be  deemed  a  resignation  of  the  member  so  absent,. 
of  his  place  upon  the  Committee. 

Any  Standing  Committee  of  the  Association  may,  by  rule, 
impose  upon  its  members  a  fine  for  non-attendance,  and  when 
collected,  to  be  paid  into  the  Treasury. 

*  Every  Committee  shall  render  a  report  upon  all  subject 
matter  referred,  as  often  as  once  every  three  months. 

*  Amendment  adopted  February  13,  1875. 


XX. 


Whenever  any  complaint  shall  be  preferred  against  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Association,  for  misconduct  in  his  relation  to  this 
Association,  or  in  his  profession,  the  member  or  members  pre- 
ferring such  complaint,  shall  present  it  to  the  Committee  on 
Grievances,  in  writing,  and  subscribed  by  him  or  them,  plainly 
stating  the  matter  complained  of,  with  particulars  of  time, 
place,  and  circumstances,  whereupon  the  Committee  shall  pro- 
ceed to  examine  into  the  matter,  under  such  regulations  as 
they  may,  from  time  to  time,  adopt.  And  after  arriving  at  a 
conclusion,  they  shall  report  the  same,  together  with  the  evi- 
dence in  the  case,  to  the  Association,  and  thereupon  the  Associ- 
ation shall  take  such  steps  in  the  matter  as  it  may  think  proper. 

And  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  said  Committee  on  Grievances 
to  take  notice  of  unprofessional  conduct  of  members  of  the 
Bar  practicing  in  the  city  of  Chicago,  who  are  not  members  of 
the  Association. 

And  if  after  investigation,  said  Committee  deem  such  con- 
duct worthy  of  censure,  they  shall  so  report  to  the  Association, 
and  thereupon  the  Association  shall  take  such  steps  as  it  shall 
deem  proper ;  and  if  the  Association  shall  conclude  that  any 
lawyer,  whether  a  member  or  non-member  of  this  Association, 
should  be  presented  to  the  Supreme  Court,  to  be  dealt  with  on 
account  of  such  misconduct,  then  the  Association  shall  appoint 
a  Committee  to  prosecute  such  member  of  the  profession, 
before  the  Supreme  Court.  The  Judges  of  the  Courts  ot 
Record  in  the  City  of  Chicago  have  a  standing  request  from 
this  Association,  to  call  the  attention  of  such  Committee  on 
Grievances  to  any  unprofessional  conduct  on  the  part  of  any 
member  of  the  profession  practicing  in  the  Courts  in  the  City 
of  Chicago. 


XXI. 

These  By-Laws  may  be  amended  at  any  stated  meeting  of 
the  Association,  by  a  vote  of  two-thirds  of  those  present,  pro- 
vided  that  ten  days'  notice,  in  writing,  of  the  proposed  amend- 
ment, subscribed  by  ten  members,  be  given  at  a  previous 
meeting. 

XXII. 


These  By-Laws  shall  go  into  immediate  effect,  and  an  elec- 
tion of  Officers  and  Committees  herein  provided  for  shall 
forthwith  be  had,  except  the  Board  of  Managers.  All  Officers 
and  Committees  shall  hold  their  offices  until  their  successors 
are  chosen. 


JOULES    OF    THE    (^OMMITTEE    ON    yYDMISSI0NS- 


The  Committee  on  Admissions  have  adopted  the  following 
regulations  in  relation  to  proposals  for  membership  : 

t.  No  person  will  be  hereafter  recommended  for  member- 
ship by  the  Committee  on  Admissions,  unless  a  written 
application  for  his  admission  shall  have  been  made  to  the 
Committee,  subscribed  by  a  member  of  the  Association,  setting 
forth  the  name  of  the  person  proposed,  his  place  of  residence, 
whether  he  is  or  not  engaged  in  the  practice  of  the  law,  and  of 
good  standing  in  the  profession;  and  such  nomination  must  be 
indorsed  or  seconded  by  two  other  members  of  the  Association. 

2.  The  Committee  on  Admissions  will  report  their  action 
upon  the  names  submitted,  in  those  cases  only  where  they 
shall  agree  in  recommending  the  admission  of  the  candidate ; 
and  all  recommendations  by  the  Committee  will  be  made  in 
writing,  at  a  stated  meeting  of  the  Association,  and  be  signed 
by  the  members  concurring  therein. 


OFFICERS  AND   COMMITTEES 

OF 

The    (Chicago    Bar    Association 

FOR    1874. 


President : 
WILLIAM   C.  GOUDY. 


Vice-Presidents  : 
LYMAN  TRUMBULL.  THOMAS   HOYNE. 

Board  of  Managers  : 

WIRT  DEXTER.  EDWIN  C.  LARNED. 

STEPHEN  A.  GOODWIN.  EZRA  B.  McCAGG. 

MURRAY  F.  TULEY.  WM.  P.  BLACK. 

CHAS.  M.  HARDY.  WM.  H.  BARNUM. 

IRA  SCOTT. 

Secretary  : 
ABRAM  M.  PENCE. 

Treasurer  : 
OLIVER  H.  HORTON. 


Committee  on  Admission  : 


BENJ.  F.  AYER. 
WM.  H.  KING. 
ROBERT  HERVEY. 
GEORGE  W.  SMITH. 


THOMAS  A.  MORAN. 


LEONARD  SWETT. 
SIDNEY  SMITH. 
MELVILLE  W.  FULLER. 
JOHN  S.  COOPER. 


Standing  Committees  : 

ON   AMENDMENT   OF   THE   LAW. 


JOHN  N.  JEWETT. 
CLARK  W.  UPTON. 
ELLIOTT  ANTHONY. 
RICHARD  S.  THOMPSON. 
SAMUEL  K.  DOWT. 

ON    GRIEVANCES. 

GRANT  GOODRICH. 
JOHN  L.  THOMPSON. 
T.  LYLE  DICKEY. 
EDWARD  A.  SMALL. 
ISRAEL  N.  STILES. 


JUDICIARY. 


CHARLES  B.  LAWRENCE. 
CHARLES  HITCHCOCK. 
IRA  O.  WILKINSON. 
ROBERT  T.  LINCOLN. 
CHARLES  M.  STURGES. 

ON   LEGAL    EDUCATION. 

JAMES  R.  DOOLITTLE. 
HENRY  G.  MILLER. 
JULIUS  ROSENTHAL. 
JOSEPH  A.  SLEEPER. 
HENRY  I.  SHELDON. 


OFFICERS  AND   COMMITTEES 

OF 

THE    Chicago    Bar    Association 

FOR    1875. 


President : 
BENJAMIN  F.  AYER. 

Vice-Presidents  : 
CHARLES  B.  LAWRENCE.  ABRAM  M.  PENCE. 


Board  of  Managers  : 

MURRAY  F.  TULEY.  EZRA  B.  McCAGG. 

EDWIN  C.  LARNED.  IRA  SCOTT. 

WM.  P.  BLACK.  WM.  H.  BARNUM. 

NORMAN  WILLIAMS.  CHARLES  M.  STURGES. 

JOSEPH  E.  LOCKWOOD. 

Secretary  : 
HUNTINGTON  W.JACKSON. 

Treasurer: 
JOHN    H.  S.  QUICK. 

Committee  on  Admission  : 


ROBERT  HERVEY. 
WM.  H.  KING. 
MELVILLE  W.  FULLER. 
BENJAMIN  D.  MAGRUDER 


ADOLPH  MOSES. 


SIDNEY  SMITH. 
GEORGE  W.  SMITH. 
THOMAS   A.  MORAN. 
JOPIN  P.  WILSON. 


Standing  Committees , 

ON   AMENDMENT   OF   THE   LAW. 


WILLIAM  C.  GOUDY. 
WIRT  DEXTER. 
LEONARD  SWETT.'" 
JAMES  P.  ROOT. 
THOMAS  G.  FROST. 

ON    GRIEVANCES. 

JOHN  S.  COOPER. 
OLIVER  H.  HORTON. 
ISRAEL  N,  STILES. 
W.  IRVING  CULVER. 
WILLIAM  VOCKE. 


JUDICIARY. 


JOHN  N.  JEWETT. 
CHARLES    HITCHCOCK. 
THOMAS  F.  WITHROW. 
DANIEL  L.  SHOREY. 
JOHN  L.  THOMPSON. 

ON   LEGAL  EDUCATION. 

THOMAS  I-IOYNE. 
JULIUS  ROSENTHAL. 
S.  CORNING  JUDD. 
ROBERT  T.  LINCOLN. 
JAMES  L.  HIGH. 


OFFICERS  AND   COMMITTEES 

OF 

The    Chicago    Bar    Association 

FOR    1876. 


WIRT  DEXTER. 


President  ; 
EZRA  B.  McCAGG. 

Vice-Presidents  : 

THOMAS  DENT. 

Board  of  Managers  : 


BENJAMIN  F.  AYER.  KIRK  HAWES. 

STEPHEN  A.  GOODWIN.  IRA  SCOTT. 

WILLIAM  C.  GOUDY.  HENRY  W.  BISHOP. 

NORMAN  WILLIAMS.  CHARLES  M.  STURGES. 

JOSEPH  E.  LOCKWOOD. 

Secretary  : 
FREDERIC  ULLMANN. 

Treasurer  : 
JOHN  H.  S.  QUICK. 

Committee  on  Admission  : 

ROBERT  HERVEY.  GEORGE  GARDNER. 

WILLIAM  H.  KING.  EDWIN  WALKER. 

MELVILLE  W.  FULLER.  FRANK  J.  CRAWFORD. 

BENJAMIN  D.  MAGRUDER.  JOHN  P.  WILSON. 

ADOLPH  MOSES. 


Standing  Committees 

ON   AMENDMENT   OF   THE   LAW. 


LYMAN  TRUMBULL. 
WILLIAM  P.  BLACK. 
GEORGE  O.  IDE. 
EDWARD  A.  SMALL. 
JAMES  S.  NORTON. 

ON   GRIEVANCES. 

JAMES  L.  HIGH. 
ABRAM  M.  PENCE. 
GWYNN  GARNETT. 
EDWARD  G.  MASON. 
CHARLES  T.  ADAMS. 


JUDICIARY, 


CHARLES  B.  LAWRENCE. 
CHARLES  H.  WOOD. 
EDWARD  S.  ISHAM. 
GEORGE  F.  BAILEY. 
HENRY  K.  WHITON. 

ON   LEGAL   EDUCATION. 

JAMES  R.  DOOLITTLE. 
GEORGE  L.  PADDOCK. 
HENRY  I.  SHELDON. 
CHARLES  A.  DUrEE. 
FRANCIS  LACKNER. 


OFFICERS  AND    COMMITTEES 


OF 


"he    Chicago    Bar    ASS0CIATI01sr 

FOR    1877. 


President  : 
JOHN  N.  JEWETT. 

Vice-Presidents  : 
GEORGE  W.  SMITH.  JAMES  L.  HIGH. 

Board  of  Managers  : 


BENJAMIN  F.  AYER. 
EZRA  B.  McCAGG. 
WILLIAM  C.  GOUDY. 
NORMAN   WILLIAMS. 


WILLIAM  C.  GRANT. 
GEORGE  E.  ADAMS. 
HENRY  W.  BISHOP. 
CHARLES  M.  STURGES. 


JAMES   S.  NORTON. 

Secretary  : 
FREDERIC  ULLMANN. 

Treasurer  ; 
JOHN  H.  S.  QUICK. 

Committee  on  Admission  : 

BENJAMIN  D.  MAGRUDER.  JOHN  P.  WILSON. 

GEORGE  GARDNER.  ABRAM  M.  PENCE. 

EDWIN  WALKER.  ADOLPH  MOSES. 

FRANK  J.  CRAWFORD.  OLIVER  H.  HORTON. 

HUNTINGTON  W.  JACKSON. 


St  a  ndiug  Com  m  it  tees 
ON    AMENDMENT   OF   THE   LAW. 


WILLIAM  H.  KING. 
GEORGE  GARDNER. 
EDWARD  G.  MASON. 
JOSEPH  B.  LEAKE. 
JOSEPH  E.  SMITH. 

ON    GRIEVANCES,- 

EPHRAIM  A.  OTIS. 
GEORGE  WILLARD. 
DANIEL  J.  SCHUYLER. 
JOHN  J.  KNICKERBOCKER 
W.' IRVING  CULVER. 


JUDICIARY. 


WIRT  DEXTER. 
THOMAS  DENT. 
BENJAMIN  D.  MAGRUDER. 
THOMAS  A.  MORAN. 
GEORGE  L.  PADDOCK. 

ON    LEGAL    EDUCATION. 

ISAAC  G.  WILSON. 
TOHN  L.  THOMPSON. 
JULIUS  ROSENTHAL. 
W.  ELIOT  FURNESS. 
ORRIN  SKINNER. 


OF   INQUIRY  : 

JOHN  S.  COOPER.  ADOLPH  MOSES. 

HENRY  I.  SHELDON. 


OFFICERS  AND   COMMITTEES 

OF 

f he    Chicago    Bar    Association 


FOR    1878 


WILLIAM  H.  KING. 


BENJAMIN  F.  AVER. 
EZRA  B.  McCAGG. 
WILLIAM  C.  GOUDY. 
WILLIAM  C.  GRANT. 


President  : 
WIRT  DEXTER. 

Vice-Presidents  : 
Board  of  Managers  . 

ADOLPH  MOSES. 


JOHN  L.  THOMPSON. 

GEORGE  E.  ADAMS. 
HENRY  W.  BISHOP. 
ISRAEL  N.  STILES. 
JAMES  L.  HIGH. 


Secretary  : 
HENRY  I.  SHELDON. 

Treasurer  : 
FARLIN  Q.  BALL.  . 

Committee  on  Admission  : 

GEORGE  GARDNER.  HUNTINGTON  W.  JACKSON. 

EDWIN  WALKER.  OLIVER  H,  HORTON. 

FRANK  J.  CRAWFORD.  IRA  O.  WILKINSON. 

ABRAM  M.  PENCE.  JOSEPH  E.  SMITH. 

W.  IRVING  CULVER. 


Standing  Cojnmittees 


ON  AMENDMENT   OF  THE  LAW. 

LYMAN  TRUMBULL. 
THOMAS  F.  WITHROW. 
EDWARD  S.  ISHAM. 
EDWARD  G.  MASON. 
JOSEPH  E.SMITH. 

ON    GRIEVANCES. 

EPHRAIM  A.  OTIS. 
W.  IRVING  CULVER. 
CHARLES  M.  STURGES. 
WILLIAM  H.  BARNUM. 
WILLIAM  P.  BLACK. 


JUDICIARY. 


JOHN  N.  JEWETT. 
EDWIN  C.  LARNED. 
BENJAMIN  D.  MAGRUDER, 
TliOMAS  A.  MORAN. 
OLIVER   H.  HORTON. 

ON   LEGAL    EDUCATION. 

ISAAC  G.  WILSON. 
HENRY  STRONG. 
MURRAY  F.  TULEY. 
WILLIAM  R.  PAGE. 
ARTHUR  J.  CATON. 


OF    INQUIRY. 

JOHN  S.  COOPER.  JAMES  S.  NORTON. 

JOHN  J.  KNICKERBOCKER. 


OFFICERS  AND    COMMITTEES 

OF 

"he  Chicago  Bar  Association 

FOR    1879. 


President  : 
WILLIAM  H.  KING. 
Vice-Presidents  : 
MELVILLE  W.  FULLER.  ISRAEL  N.  STILES. 

Board  of  Managers  : 

EZRA  B.  McCAGG.  WILLIAM   C.  GRANT. 

GEORGE  E.  ADAMS.  JAMES  L.  HIGH. 

ADOLPH  MOSES.  GEORGE  W.  SMITH. 

ROBERT  T.   LINCOLN.  WIRT  DEXTER. 

JOHN  N.  JEWETT. 

Secretary  : 
HOLDRIDGE  O.  COLLINS. 

Treasurer  : 
FARLIN  Q.  BALL. 

Committee  on  Admission. 

ABRAM  M.  PENCE.  OLIVER  H.  HORTON. 

HUNTINGTON  W.  JACKSON.  IRA  O.  WILKINSON. 

JOSEPH  E.  SMITH.  W.  IRVING  CULVER. 

GEORGE  GARDNER.  FRANK  J.  CRAWFORD. 

EDWIN  WALKER. 


Standing  Committees 

ON   AMENDMENT   OF   THE   LAW. 


HENRY  G.  MILLER. 
ELLIOTT  ANTHONY. 
JAMES  B.  BRADWELL. 
HARVEY  B.  HURD. 
WILLIAM  VOCKE. 

ON    GRIEVANCES. 

JOHN  L.  THOMPSON. 
GEORGE  L.  PADDOCK. 
FRANCIS   H.  KALES. 
FREDERIC  ULLMANN. 
GEORGE  A.  FOLLANSBEE. 


JUDICIARY. 


ALEXANDER  McCOY. 
CHARLES  M.  HARDY. 
THOMAS  DENT. 
JOHN  LYLE  KING. 
JOHN  C.  BARKER. 

ON    LEGAL   EDUCATION. 

JOHN  C.  RICHBERG. 
JOHN  I.  BENNETT. 
THOMAS  M.  HOYNE. 
WILLIAM  J.  ENGLISH. 
JAMES  R.  DOOLITTLE,  Jr. 


OF  INQUIRY  : 

S.  CORNING  JUDD.  FREDERICK  W.  PACKARD. 

JOHN  P.  WILSON. 


I                            ROLL    OF 

MEMBERS. 

Abercrombie,  Otis  P. 

Butler,  Walter 

*  Adams,  Charles  T. 

Boyeson,  Ingolf  K. 

Adams,  George  E. 

Campbell,  George  C. 

Ahrens,  John  P. 

Carter,  Leslie 

Aldis,  Owen  F. 

Caruthers,  Malcom 

Allen,  Chas.  L. 

Caton,  Arthur  J. 

Allen,  Egbert  F. 

Chandler,  George 

Anthony,  Elliott 

*Chase,  Hiram  M. 

Avery,  Daniel  J. 

*Clarkson,  Joseph  P. 

Ayer,  Benjamin  F. 

Collins,   Holdridge  0. 

Bacon,  Roswell  B. 

Comstock,  Edward  F. 

Baker,  Frank 

Condee,  Leander  D. 

Bailey,  George  F. 

Cook,  Burton  C. 

Ball,  Farlin  Q. 

Cooper,  John  S. 

Barber,  Hiram 

Crawford,  Frank  J. 

Barker,  John  C. 

Culver,  W.  Irving 

Barnum,  Wm.  H. 

De  Lany,  Martin  A. 

Bennett,  John  I. 

Dennison,  Franklin 

Bisbee,  Lewis  H. 

Dent,  Thomas 

Bishop,  FIenry  W. 

Dexter,  Wirt 

Black,  William  P. 

fDlCKEY,  T.  Lyle, 

Blackman,  Daniel 

Doolittle,  James  R.,  Jr. 

Blanke,  George  F. 

Dupee,  Charles  A, 

Bond,  Lester  L. 

Durkee,  Richard  P.  H. 

Bonney,  Chas.  C. 

English,  William  J. 

Borden,  John 

Everett,  Wm.  S. 

Boutell,  Lewis  H. 

Ewing,  Adlai  T. 

Boyce,  Frank  L. 

Flower,  James  M. 

Brackett,  Wm.  S. 

FOLLANSBEE,  GEORGE  A. 

Bradley,  Fordyce  G. 

Freeman,  Henry  V. 

Bradwell,  Jas.  B. 

Frost,  Thomas  G. 

Brainard,  Edwin 

Fuller,  Melville  W. 

Brawley,  Francis  W.  S. 

Furness,  Wm.  Eliot 

Brown,  Edward  0. 

Fry,  George  C. 

Brown,  Stephen  F. 

Galt,  Azariah  T. 

Burch,  Hugh  T. 

Gardner,  George 

*Butler,  Charles  F. 

Gary,  Elbert  H. 

*Deceased. 

^Elected  Judge  Supreme  Court. 

24                                  ROLL    OF  MEMBERS   OF 

Gary,  Noah  E. 

Knickerbocker,  John  J. 

Glover,  Joseph  0. 

Knight,  Clarence 

Goggin,  James 

Kretzinger,  George  W. 

Goodrich,  Grant 

Kohlsaat,  Christian  C. 

Goodwin,  Stephen  A. 

Lackner,  Francis 

Goudy,  William  C. 

Larned,  Edwin  C. 

Grant,  William  C. 

Larned,  Walter  C. 

!             Gregory,  Chas.  A. 

Lawrence,  Chas.  B. 

Gridley,  Nelson  C. 

Lawrence,  Chas.  H. 

1              Grover,  Thomas  W. 

Leake,  Joseph  B. 

Hall,  Winchester 

Leman,  Henry  W. 

Hardin,  Martin  D. 

Lewis,  Martin  0. 

Harding,  George  F. 

Lincoln,  Robt.  T. 

Hardy,  Charles  M. 

*Lockwood,  Joseph  E. 

Hawes,  Kirk 

Luff,  Wm.  M. 

Herbert,  George 

Lyman,  David  B. 

Herrick,  John  J. 

Magruder,  Benjamin  D. 

Hervey,  Robert 

Marsh,  John  W. 

High,  James  L. 

Mason,  Alfred  B. 

Hitchcock,  Charles 

Mason,  Edward  G. 

Hodges,  Lathrop  S. 

Mason,  Henry  B. 

*  Hopkins,  William 

McCagg,  Ezra  B. 

Horton,  Oliver  H. 

McClellan,  John  J. 

Hoyne,  Thomas 

McClelland,  Thomas  S. 

Hoyne,  Thomas  M. 

McCoy,  Alexander 

Hurd,  Harvey  B. 

McKindley,  Wm.  M. 

Hutchinson,  Otis  K.  A. 

Miller,  Henry  G. 

Ide,  George  0. 

Monroe,  Henry  S. 

I  sham,  Edward  S. 

Montgomery,  Wm.  A. 

Jackson,  Dwight  W. 

Moran,  Thomas  A. 

Jackson,  Huntington  W. 

Morris,  John 

Jenkins,  Robt.  E. 

Moses,  Adolph 

Jenks,  Anson  B. 

Murray,  James  S. 

Jewett,  John  N. 

Nissen,  Lawrence  J.  J. 

J              Johnson,  Frank  A. 

Norton,  James  S. 

Johnston,  John,  Jr. 

Noyes,  John  T. 

Judah,  Noble  B. 

Oleson,  Ingwell 

Judd,  S.  Corning 

Otis,  Ephraim  A. 

Kales,  Francis  H. 

Packard,  Frederick  W. 

King,  John  Lyle 

Packard,  Samuel  W. 

King,  Wm.  H. 

Paddock,  George  L. 

•f Knickerbocker,  Joshua  C 

Page,  William  R. 

*  Deceased.             t  Electt 

:d  Judge  of  Probate  Court. 

THE    CHICAGO   BAR  ASSOCIATION.                      25 

Palmer,  Louis  L. 

Swett,  Leonard 

Pence,  Aeram  M. 

Swift,  Wm.  H. 

Pope,  Chas.  E. 

Thompson,  John  L. 

Proudfoot,  Lawrence 

Towle,  PIenry  S. 

Quick,  John  H.  S. 

Towne,  Chas.  E. 

Quigg,  David 

Tripp,  Arnold 

Reed,  Chas.  H. 

Trumbull,  Lyman 

Rubens,  Harry 

Trumbull,  Perry 

Ricaby,  Richard  W. 

Tuley,  Murray  F. 

Richberg,  John  C. 

Tuthill,  Richard  S. 

Riddle,  Francis  A. 

Ullmann,   Frederic 

Roberts,  James  H. 

*Upton,  Clark  W. 

Roberts,  R.  Biddle 

Van  Schaack,  Cornelius 

Robinson  Michael  W. 

Veeder,  Albert  H. 

Rosenthal,  Julius 

Vocke,  William 

Roundtree,  John  M. 

Waite,  Horace  F. 

Ryerson,  Arthur 

Waite,  Horatio  L. 

Schintz,  Theodore 

Walker,  Edwin 

Schuyler,  Daniel  J. 

Walker,  James  M. 

Scott,  Ira 

Waller,  Henry 

Sears,  Nathaniel  C. 

Washburne,  PIempstead 

Sheldon,  Henry  I. 

Waterman,  Arba  N. 

Sherman,  Elijah  B. 

Waterman,  Richard 

Skinner,  Orrin 

White,  Hugh  A. 

Sleeper,  Joseph  A. 

Whitehouse,  Wtm.  F. 

Small,  Edward  A. 

Whiteside,  Thomas  C. 

Smith,  Abner 

Whiton,  Henry  K. 

Smith,  George  W. 

Wilkinson,  Ira  0. 

;             Smith,  Joseph  E. 

Willard,  George 

Smith,  Robert  W. 

Williams,  Norman 

Snowhook,  Wm.  B. 

Wilson,  Benjamin  M. 

j             Stein,  Phillip 

Wilson,  Isaac  G. 

j             Stiles,  Israel  N. 

Wilson,  John  P. 

!            Strong,  Henry 

Winston,  Frederick  S. 

Sturges,  Chas.  M. 

Withrow,  Thomas  F. 

:                                                 *  Elected  Judge  of  Circuit 

Court  of  Lake  County. 

REPORT 


Revenue  System 


i  llinoi  s, 


Hon.    Elliott  Anthony. 


pHE    (Chicago    Bar  Association- 


At  a  regular  meeting  of  The  Chicago  Bar  Association 
held  March  1,  1879,  the  Hon.  Elliott  Anthony  presented 
a  report  from  a  special  committee  of  the  Association, 
which  had  been  appointed  to  investigate  the  Revenue 
System  and  Revenue  Laws  of  Illinois,  which  was  unani- 
mously adopted,  and  five  hundred  copies  were  ordered  to 
be  printed  and  a  copy  of  the  same  to  be  sent  to  each 
member  of  the  General  Assembly  and  State  officers. 

Hon.  Wm.  C.  Goudy  then  offered  the  following  pre- 
amble and  resolution  which  was  adopted : 

Whereas,  there  is  great  dissatisfaction  with  the  present  Revenue  laws 
and  a  general  demand  for  a  complete  revision,  and,  while  the  ability  of  the 
members  of  the  legislature  to  supply  proper  relief  is  fully  admitted,  yet  the 
pressure  of  public  duties  is  too  great  to  allow  a  mature  consideration  of  the 
subject  in  the  brief  time  usually  given  for  a  session, 

Resolved,  That  a  commission  ought  to  be  appointed,  composed  of  men  of 
experience  from  all  classes  of  tax-payers,  to  prepare  a  complete  system,  to 
be  submitted  to  an  adjourned  session  of  the  legislature. 

In  accordance  with  the  direction  of  the  Association, 
the  Secretary  has  the  honor  to  transmit  herewith  to 
the  members  of  the  Legislature  of  Illinois  a  copy  of  the 
report  of  Mr.  Anthony,  and  the  action  of  the  Associa- 
tion thereon. 

Very  respectfully, 

Holdridge  O.  Collins, 
Secretary. 


The  Special  Committee  of  the  Bar  Association,  which 
was  appointed  to  investigate  the  Revenue  System  of  this 
State,  and  to  report  the  results  of  their  investigation  to 
this  Association,  beg  leave  to  report : 


That  the  Revenue  System  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  is 
substantially  the  one  which  has  been  in  force  since  the 
State  was  admitted  into  the  Union  in  1818.  The  system 
was  first  incorporated  into  the  constitution  of  1848,  and 
was  perpetuated  in  that  of  1870.  The  great  central  idea 
of  the  system  is,  that  "  taxes  shall  be  levied  by  valuation, 
"  so  that  every  person  and  corporation  shall  pay  a  tax  in 
"  proportion  to  the  value  of  his,  her,  or  its  property,  such 
"  value  to  be  ascertained  by  some  person  or  persons  to  be 
44  elected  or  appointed  in  such  manner  as  the  General 
"  Assembly  shall  direct,  and  not  otherwise."  Sec.  1, 
Art.  IX,  of  the  Constitution. 

This  idea  of  levying  taxes  according  to  valuation,  is 
supplemented  by  that  of  equality  and  uniformity,  and 
applies  equally  to  personal  as  well  as  real  property. 

This  system  would,  at  first  blush,  seem  to  be  based  upon 
correct  principles,  and  ought  to  result  in  each  and  every 
citizen  of  the  commonwealth  paying  his  proportionate 
share  of  the  public  burdens  ;  but  experience  shows  that 
the  distribution  of  taxes  according  to  valuation  seldom 
produces  either  equalit}^  or  uniformity,  and  often  works 
the  greatest  injustice,  first:  because  the  agents  employed 
to  determine  the  value  of  property  in  different  localities 
either  evade  their  duty  for  the  purpose  of  throwing  the 
burden  of  taxation  upon  communities  other  than  their 
own,  or  because  they  are  incompetent;  and  secondly: 
because  the  taxes  which  are  laid  upon  personal  property 


are  seldom  collected,  and  in  the  end,  all  the  taxes  that  are 
lost  or  uncollected  are  saddled  upon  the  real  estate.  In- 
deed, as  has  been  well  said,  "  the  great  load  of  taxation  is 
packed  upon  real  estate.     There  is 

NO    HIDING   PL&CE 

for  this,  no  deduction  on  account  of  real  estate  debts,  no 
government  bonds,  no  greenbacks  or  national  currency  in 
hand,  can  cover  it  up  until  the  assessors  have  passed  by. 
Real  estate  is  always  visible,  and  tangible,  and  so  are  the 
structures  thereon.  Its  earnings  are  not  divided  by  semi- 
annual dividends  of  three,  five,  six,  or  eight  per  cent.,  or 
two  and  a  half  quarterly  free  of  all  taxes/' 

Everywhere  under  the  system  of  levying  taxes  accord- 
ing to  the  valuation  of  property,  real  and  personal,  real 
estate  suffers.  In  the  State  of  New  York  they  have  a  sys- 
tem of  taxation,  somewhat  similar  to  our  own,  and  almost 
every  Comptroller  of  that  State,  since  1849,  up  to  the 
present  time,  has  called  attention  to  the  discrimination  in 
favor  of  personal  property  as  against  real  estate. 

In  1864,  the  Comptroller  used  this  language  :  "  It  is 
44  difficult  to  discover  any  valid  reason  why  personal  prop- 
44  erty  should  enjoy  the  exemption  that  it  does.  It  requires 
"  to  a  far  greater  extent  than  real  estate,  the  protection 
"  of  government  and  law,  and  causes  much  the  largest 
44  expense  for  police  arrangement,  and  the  administration 
44  of  justice.  Why  should  it  not  pay  its  full  share  of  such 
"  expense  ?  " 

In  1877,  the  State  assessors  of  that  State,  in  their  report 
for  that  year,  use  this  language  :  "  In  the  city  of  Roches- 
"  ter,  in  1876,  the  real  estate  was  assessed  at  its  full  value, 
"$53,895,997,  and  personal  property  only  11,970,500. 
"  The  capital  of  the  national  banks  in  Rochester  is, 
"  $1,150,000,  and  there  is  other  incorporated  capital  in  the 
44  city  subject  to  taxation.  Now,  deduct  the  capital  of  the 
44  banks  from  the  assessed  value  of  the  personal  property, 


uand  we  have  $825,000,  for  a  city  of  81,000  population,  a 
"  fraction  over  $10  per  capita.  This  is  not  the  value  of 
"the  bedsteads  and  beds  upon  which  the  people  of  that  city 
"  sleep.  No  other  illustration,  its  seems  to  us,  is  necessa- 
"  ry  to  show  how  almost  hopeless  it  is  to  assess  personal 
"  property  liable  to  taxation,  without  some  amendment  of 
"  the  law,  and  without  so  framing  the  oath  (as  we  recom- 
"  mended  in  our  last  report)  of  any  tax  payer  before  any 
"  assessor  or  tax-commissioner,  4  that  he  has  not  made  any 
"debt  or  incurred  any  liabilities,  or  changed  any  security 
"  or  investment,  or  done  anything  for  the  purpose  of 
"  avoiding  taxation,'  and  authorize  the  assessors  to  add 

A    PENALTY 

u  of  fifty  per  cent  to  the  valuation  of  any  person  attempt- 
"  ing  to  avoid  taxation." 


II. 


The  General  Revenue  Law  of  this  State,  was  designed 
to  reach  every  species  of  property,  and  to  allow  nothing  in 
the  shape  of  property  to  escape,  whether  real,  personal  or 
mixed,  and  whether  tangible  or  intangible,  and  whether 
in  esse,  in  posse,  or  in  transitu.  It  is  in  many  respects 
harsh  and  oppressive,  and  is  destitute  of  every  benign 
feature  which  characterizes  the  various  Revenue  Laws  of 
other  civilized  States.  It  is  not  favorable  to  manufactur- 
ing corporations,  and  punishes  with  severe  penalties  all 
wealth  which  may  be  added  to  the  soil.  It  works  great 
hardship  to  the  owner  of  unimproved  and  unproductive 
lands,  because  if  the  assessor  places  even  a  moderate  val- 
uation upon  the  same,  he  will  be  sacrificed,  unless  he 
possesses  resources  entirely  outside  of  them,  to  meet  the 
demands  made  upon  him.     The  great  defect  of  our  system 


of  taxation,  is  that  it  imposes  taxes  upon  real  and  personal 
property  only,  and  takes  no  account  whatever  of  all  other 
sources  of  revenue.  In  this  respect  we  ignore  the  experi- 
ence of  all  countries  and  all  nations  who  pretend  to  any 
degree  of  enlightenment  upon  this  subject.  If  a  business 
tax,  or  tax  upon  occupations,  together  with  a  graded 
license  system  could  be  introduced  in  this  State,  the  same 
as  exists  in  England,  especially  to  raise  a  revenue  to  sup- 
port and  maintain  local  and  municipal  governments,  then 
the  burdens  of  the  citizen  would  be  far  more  equally  dis- 
tributed than  at  present,  results  from  the  administration 
of  our  tax  laws.  Some  doubts  have  been  expressed  as  to 
whether  a  license  system  of  this  nature  could  be  introduced 
in  this  State,  and  which  could  be  extended  to  every  kind 
of  business  or  occupation  now  legally  pursued;  but  our 
Supreme  Court  has  already  decided  the  broad  principle 
that  the  power  to  tax  includes  the  power  to  license,  and 
we  are  in  favor  of  trying  it. 

Town  of  Carmel  v.  Wabash  Co.,  50  111.  71. 

See  also  Wiggins  v.  City  of  Chicago,  68  111.  379. 

We  must  discover  other  sources  of  revenue,  or  else  real 
estate,  and  especially 

UNPRODUCTIVE   REAL   ESTATE, 

will  be  confiscated  every  ten  years,  and  the  tenure  of  the 
same  become  more  uncertain  than  when  the  vassal  under 
the  Feudal  system,  held  at  the  will  of  his  lord. 


III. 


No  mercy  is  shown  to  the  widow,  who  has  had  cast 
upon  her  by  death  an  interest  in  the  lands  of  her  hus- 
band, but  she  must  pay  taxes  upon  the  full  value  of  the 
land,  or  she  will   be   guilty  of  permissive  waste,  although 


she  has  only  a  right  of  possession,  and  the  reversion  is  in 
the  heirs  of  her  deceased  husband.  There  are  numbers 
of  widows  in  this  State  to-day,  who  under  the  obligations 
imposed  upon  them  by  the  45th  section  of  the  dower  act 
and  the  workings  of  the  Revenue  Law  have  been  utterly 
ruined.  All  unproductive  real  estate  of  orphans  is  sure 
to  be  sacrificed  unless  they  are  left  with  ready  cash  to  pay 
taxes.  In  Massachusetts  it  is  provided  by  statute  that 
"  any  portion  of  the  estate  of  persons  who,  by  reason  of 
age,  infirmity,  or  poverty,  are,  in  the  judgment  of  the 
assessors,  unable  to  contribute  fully  toward  the  public 
charges,  may  be  exempt  from  taxation."  In  other  States 
a  portion  of  property  subject  to  execution  is  exempt,  but 
in  this  State  there  is  no  exemption  of  real  or  personal 
property  owned  by  an  individual  whatever,  and  not  one 
beneficent  provision  to  relieve  the  burdens  of  either  the 
rich  or  poor. 


IV. 

In  the  older  governments  of  Europe  it  has  long 
since  been  demonstrated  that  to  place  all  of  the  burdens 
upon  real  estate,  without  regard  to  the  rental  value,  is 
wrong  and  unjust,  and  has  long  since  been  abandoned. 
There  the  system  of  licensing  corporations,  associations, 
and  taxes  on  trades,  and  all  sorts  of  business  and  pro- 
fessions, and  income  taxes,  and  stamp  duties  more  uni- 
versally prevails  than  in  this  country ;  but  here  the  reve- 
nues of  the  State  and  municipal  governments  are  raised 
in  an  entirely  different  manner,  and  with  the  exception  of 
a  limited  license  system,  taxation  is  confined  almost 
wholly  to  real  estate  and  personal  property.  Pennsyl- 
vania is  an  example  of  the  workings  of  a  mixed  system 
of  licensing,  income  taxes,  taxes  on  dividends,  and  taxes 
on  emoluments  of  office  and   different  classes  of  business. 


Most  of  the  general  revenues  of  that  State  are,  however, 
raised  from  the  licensing  of  railroads  and  other  corpora- 
tions, and  taxes  on  the  dividends  and  incomes  of  corpora- 
tions.    So  much  has  been  said  in  regard  to 

THE   PENNSYLVANIA    REVENUE   SYSTEM, 

that  we  have  taken  special  pains  to  inquire  into  it,  and 
we  can  not  do  better  than  to  quote  from  the  report  of 
Hon.  David  Wells,  Dodge,  and  Cuyler,  commissioners 
appointed  to  investigate  and  report  upon  a  revenue  sys- 
tem of  New  York  in  1871.  In  referring  to  Pennsylvania, 
they  say  that :  The  revenue  of  the  State  for  State  pur- 
poses is  derived  mainly  from  the  following  sources:  1. 
A  tax  of  one-half  of  one  mill  on  each  one  per  cent  of  all 
dividends  which  may  be  declared  by  the  corporations  of 
the  State,  except  banks,  savings  institutions,  and  foreign 
insurance  companies ;  and  in  case  that  no  dividends  are 
declared,  then  a  tax  of  three  mills  on  the  valuation  of  the 
stock.  Building  associations,  plankroad  and  turnpike 
companies  are  not  liable  to  any  tax,  where  no  dividends 
are  declared.  The  receipts  to  the  State  treasury  from 
this  source,  for  the  year  1869,  constituted  the  largest 
single  item  of  the  State  revenue,  and  amounted  to 
$1,037,172.  2.  Taxes  on  tonnage  carried  over  the  lines 
of  the  various  transportation  companies  operating  exclu- 
sively within  the  State,  viz. :  two  cents  on  the  product  of 
mines,  three  on  the  product  of  forest  and  agriculture,  and 
five  on  manufactures  and  general  merchandise.  The 
receipts  from  this  source,  for  the  year  1869,  and  certain 
commutations  of  the  same,  amounted  to  $659,900.  3. 
Taxes  on  personal  property,  which  are  made  up  mainly 
of  the  following  items :  Money  at  interest,  furniture, 
horses  and  cattle,  three-tenths  of  one  per  cent.  ;  pleasure 
carriages,  one  per  cent. ;  gold  watches,  one  dollar ;  silver 
watches,  seventy-five  cents ;  other  watches,  fifty  cents. 
The  inconsiderable  nature  of  these  taxes  may  be  inferred 


8 

from  the  circumstance  that  the  whole  revenue  derived 
from  the  same,  for  the  year  1869,  was  $454,873.  4.  A 
tax  of  three-fourths  of  one  per  cent,  on  the  gross  receipts 
of  every  transportation  company  of  the  State  liable  to 
the  payment  of  a  tonnage  tax.  The  income  from  this 
source,  in  1869,  was  $373,420.  5.  A  tax  of  five  per  cent, 
on  every  dollar  of  interest  paid  by  the  corporations  of  the 
State  to  its  bondholders  or  creditors ;  in  lieu  of  which 
the  principal  sums  from  the  interest  of  which  the  said 
tax  is  deducted,  are 

EXEMPT    FKOM    ASSESSMENT 

and  taxation  for  State  purposes,  as  personal  property. 
The  revenue  from  this  source,  for  1869,  was  $340,816.  6. 
A  tax  of  three  per  cent,  on  the  annual  net  earnings  of 
every  private  banker,  broker,  incorporated  banking  and 
savings  institution,  express  company,  and  all  other  corpo- 
rations of  the  State,  except  those  paying  a  tonnage  tax, 
incorporated  banks  and  insurance  companies.  The  reve- 
nue from  this  source,  for  1869,  was  $310,895.  7.  A 
license  tax  of  five  hundred  dollars  per  annum  on  every 
foreign  insurance  company  doing  business  in  the  State  ; 
and  a  tax  of  three  per  cent,  on  the  entire  amount  of  the 
premiums  or  commissions  received.  The  receipts  from 
this  source,  for  1869,  were  $226,226.  8.  Taxes  on  the 
enrollment  of  laws,  by  which  it  is  to  be  understood  a 
taxation  imposed  on  the  enrollment  of  all  acts  of  the 
Legislature  passed  for  the  benefit  of  private  parties,  the 
same  varying  from  $1,000  on  the  incorporation  of  banks 
with  a  capital  of  $1,000,000  ;  two  hundred  dollars  on  the 
incorporation  of  manufacturing,  mining,  or  oil  companies, 
and  one  hundred  dollars  on  transportation  companies : 
down  to  thirty-seven  dollars  for  acts  of  di voice  and  mis- 
cellaneous private  bills  for  claims,  relief,  etc.  The  reve- 
nue from  this  source,  for  the  year  1869,  was  $21,000.  9. 
Taxes  on  the   emoluments   of  offices,  bv  which  is  to  be 


9 

understood  a  tax  of  two  per  cent,  on  so  much  of  the 
salary  or  emolument  of  offices  of  the  State,  or  corpora- 
tions created  by  the  State,  as  is  in  excess  of  two  hundred 
dollars.  The  revenues  from  this  source,  for  1869,  were 
116,644.  10.  Retailers'  licenses,  1422,273.  11.  Tavern 
licenses,  $289,555.  12.  Other  licenses,  i.  e.,  amusements, 
peddlers,  restaurants,  etc.,  $ 69,800.  13.  Taxes  on  collat- 
eral inheritances,  $227, 328.  14.  Taxes  on  wills,  writs, 
and  deeds,  $99,000.  15.  Auction  duties  and  commissions, 
$72,000  ;  the  sum  total  of  State  revenue,  for  the  year 
1869,  from  the  above  and  a  few  other 

MISCELLANEOUS     SOURCES, 

being  $5,096,679  ;  as  compared  with  $8,138,000,  the  State 
revenue  of  New  York  from  taxes  for  the  corresponding 
period ;  or  in  respect  to  population,  $186  7-10  per  capita 
in  Pennsylvania,  as  compared  with  $186  2-10  per  capita 
in  New  York.'' 

Since  that  report  was  made,  we  understand  that  a  tax 
of  four  cents  per  ton  has  been  imposed  upon  all  anthra- 
cite coal,  carried  from  any  point  within  to  any  point  with- 
out that  State  in  lieu  of  a  tax  on  tonnage,  which  had 
been  declared  unconstitutional.  This  applies  only  to 
anthracite  coal,  of  which  they  have  a  monopoly,  and  is 
paid,  of  course,  eventually,  by  the  consumer.  If  the 
Pennsylvania  system  should  be  applied  to  our  railroad 
corporations,  and  they  were  to  pay  a  graded  tax,  in  lieu 
of  all  other  taxes  and  assessments,  the  entire  State  taxes 
would  soon  be  met,  and  each  municipal  corporation  would 
then  have  to  look  after  its  own  burdens  and  taxes.  But 
there  is  one  thing  that  is  very  conspicuous  in  the  State  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  that  is  the  liberality  with  which  it 
treats  manufacturing  corporations.  Their  capital  and 
their  products  are  scarcely  touched  by  the  hand  of  the 
tax  gatherer.  If  a  similar  liberal  policy  could  be  inaugu- 
rated in  this  State,  it  would  be  of  the  greatest  benefit  to 


10 

the  whole    people    in    furnishing    home    markets    to   the 
farmer  and  producer. 

We  think  that  far  greater  fees  should  be  charged  by  the 
State  for  authorizing  the  formation  of  corporations  for 
pecuniary  profit,  and  for  corporations  doing  business  in 
other  States  or  Territories,  and  for  allowing  foreign  cor- 
porations to  do  business  in  this  State  than  is  now  required. 


V. 


If  the  present  system  shall  be  retained,  it  should  be 
amended  in  several  important  particulars.  We  see  no 
good  whatever  of  valuing  the  entire  real  estate  of  the 
State  every  year.  Real  estate  does  not  change  as  a  gen- 
eral thing,  but  very  little  from  year  to  year,  and  we  are  of 
the  opinion  that  a  valuation  should  not  take  place  but 
once  in  every  five  years.  It  would  be  a  great  saving  to 
the  people,  and  produce  just  as  good  results  as  under  the 
present  system.  This  has  been  the  law  in  Ohio  and  Vir- 
ginia for  many  years. 


VI. 


We  are  of  the  opinion  that  a  commissioner  of  taxes 
should  be  elected  for  the  period  of  four  years  in  every 
county  in  the  State,  who  should  have  charge  of  the  assess- 
ment of  all  property,  and  that  personal  property  should  be 
assessed  annually,  and  collected  as  soon  as  the  tax  is  laid. 
Forty  per  cent,  of  all  the  personal  property  of  the  State 
escapes  taxation,  by  evasions,  false  returns,  and  no  returns, 


11 

and  then  a  large  percentage  of  the  taxes  which  are  levied 
upon  the  same  is  lost  by 

DELAY   IN   COLLECTION, 

by  the   death  of  the  owners,  by  misfortunes,  by  failures 
in  business  and  removal. 


VII. 


We  think  that  there  is  at  the  present  time  altogether 
too  much  machinery  made  use  of  in  levying  and  collect- 
ing taxes,  and  that  a  great  burden  is  imposed  upon  the 
people  for  the  books  of  assessors  and  collectors,  and  adver- 
tising delinquent  lists,  and  in  obtaining  judgment  against 
real  estate.  In  this  county  we  have  ascertained  that  the 
number  of  books  now  on  hand  is  yearly  augmented  as  fol- 
lows :  Assessors'  books,  117,  containing  150  pages  each; 
Collectors'  warrants,  120,  containing  175  pages  each; 
Town  Collectors'  delinquent  return,  40,  containing  300 
pages  each  ;  County  Collectors'  delinquent  return,  47, 
containing  300  pages  each  ;  judgment  records,  47,  con- 
taining 300  pages  each  ;  sale  records,  39,  containing  275 
pages  each  ;  error  and  abatement,  20,  containing  400  pages 
each ;  making  in  all  430  volumes,  which  are  added  every 
year.  The  cost  of  Assessors'  books  is  at  least  $1,000 
yearly ;  books  of  Collectors'  warrants,  $14,960  yearly  ; 
books  of  Town  Collectors'  delinquent  list,  $4,500  yearly ; 
books  of  County  Collectors'  delinquent  list,  $4,500  year- 
ly ;  judgment  record,  $4,300  yearly  ;  sale  record,  $4,300 
yearly ;  making  in  all  $33,560,  and  the  average  cost 
of  publishing  the  delinquent  list  and  notice  of  sale  is 
from  thirty-five  to  forty  thousand  dollars  a  year  more. 
This  vast  expenditure  should  be  saved,  and  we  know 
of  no  earthly  reason  why  this  thing  should  be  continued 


12 

for  a  single  day.  Our  State  is  about  the  only  one 
which  collects  taxes  by  resorting  to  a  court  and  obtain- 
ing judgment  against  the  land,  and  as  long  as  this 
continues,  we  are  of  the  opinion  that  a  simple  notice,  by 
the  Collector  to  all  delinquents,  that  he  will  on  a  certain 
day  apply  to  the  court  for  judgment  against  all  lands 
upon  which  the  taxes  and  assessments  remain  unpaid, 
will  be  just  as  effective  for  all  purposes,  as  to  publish  an- 
nually a  list  of  all  the  lands  throughout  the  State.  It 
amounts  to  nothing,  and  the  only  persons  benefited  by  it 
are  the  printers. 


VIII. 

The  people  of  this  State  are  not  suffering  so  much  at 
the  present  time  from  the  burdens  of  State  taxation  as 
they  are  from  that  of  counties,  cities,  villages,  school 
boards,  and  park  boards.  That  we  have  been  able  to 
withstand  the  burdens  of  National,  State,  and  the  various 

LOCAL   AND   MUNICIPAL    CORPORATION    TAXES 

for  the  last  ten  years  and  live  is  one  of  the  marvels  of  the 
age.  We  have  altogether  too  many  taxing  boards  and 
officers  clothed  with  the  sovereign  powers  of  the  State 
for  the  public  good  and  the  good  of  mankind.  Few  men 
now  living  seem  to  know  the  value  of  a  dollar,  and  fewer 
still  know  the  trials  which  honest  men  have  to  undergo  to 
obtain  it.  In  mairy  of  the  cities  and  suburban  towns  in 
this  State,  taxation  has  in  many  instances  resulted  in  the 
utter  confiscation  of  large  quantities  of  real  estate,  and  yet 
no  power  short  of  Omnipotence  seems  able  to  restrain  the 
authorities  that  control  them.  Neither  the  example  of 
Memphis  or  old  Thebes  seems  to  have  any  effect  on  them. 


13 


PAY   AS   YOU   GO. 

The  only  policy  for  the  people  of  this  State  to  adopt  is 
— -to  "  pay  as  you  go."  It  was  the  rule  of  our  ancestors, 
and  if  only  once  adopted  here  and  sternly  followed  out 
and  made  applicable  to  every  town,  city,  village,  and 
school  district  in  the  State,  would  result  in  repressing 
recklessness  and  extravagance  and  redound  greatly  to  the 
credit  of  our  State. 


IX. 


The  Legislature  should,  in  order  to  save  tax-payers 
from  plunder,  set  bounds  to  the  rate  of  taxation  in  every 
single  instance,  and  then  hold  the  officers  of  each  county, 
city,  village-school  district  and  park  board,  accountable  for 
their  acts  and  doings.  They  should  be  compelled  to  make  an 
annual  report  to  some  officer  to  be  designated  by  law,  show- 
ing how  much  money  they  had  appropriated,  the  amount  of 
taxes  and  assessments  which  had  been  levied,  how  much 
collected,  how  appropriated,  etc.;  in  short,  they  should 
account  for  each  and  every  dollar  that  comes  into  their 
hands.  If  such  a  report  as  this  could  be  made  yearly  to 
some  officer  who  should  have  charge  of  the  matter,  and 
with  power  to  make  inquiries  into  every  detail — and  then 
have  the  same  published — the  people  would  then  know 
what  had  become  of  their  money,  and  it  would  induce 
habits  of  greater  economy  and  a  more  careful  expendi- 
ture of  public  moneys  than  at  present  exists  in  this 
country.  If  this  were  done  it  would  the  better  enable 
the  people  to  exercise  a  surveillance  over  their  servants 
than  thev  do  now.     Now  there  exists 

NO    CENTRAL   OFFICE, 

where  the  requisite  information  can  be  obtained  in  regard 


14 

to  municipal  debts  and  municipal  expenditures,  and  the 
people  are  all  the  time  in  ignorance  as  to  the  extent  of  the 
burdens  which  are  imposed  in  the  aggregate  upon  the  peo- 
ple of  the  State. 


X. 


In  the  State  of  New  York  they  have  three  State 
Assessors  who  devote  their  time  and  attention  to  the  sub- 
ject of  taxation  and  the  equalization  of  the  values,  and 
we  are  informed  that  they  have  been  the  means  of  effect- 
ing many  reforms  and  of  equalizing  the  burdens  of  taxa- 
tion to  a  considerable  degree.  These  might,  with  profit, 
take  the  place  of  the  present  Board  of  Equalization,  or 
the  present  board  might  be  done  away  with  and  the  Gov- 
ernor, Auditor  and  Secretary  of  State  substituted  in  their 
place. 


XL 


"  The  interests  of  the  people  require  a  method  of 
taxation  at  once  equitable,  effective  and  free  from  unnec- 
essary oppression  ;  one  which  will  yield  the  requisite  rev- 
enue while  subjecting  them  as  little  as  possible  to  inquis- 
itorial vexation,  and  which  shall  be  attended  with  the 
least  expense  for  official  services,  and  afford  the  fewest 
temptations  to  fraud,  concealment  and  evasion."  To  de- 
vise such  a  system  is  a  work  of  time,  and  can  only  be  ac- 
complished by  experts,  or  by  those  who  are  thoroughly  ac- 
quainted with  the  practical  workings  of  tax  laws  in  all 
their  length,  breadth  and  complexity.  It  is  impossible 
for  any  legislator,  or  any  man  who  has  not  made  a 
specialty  of  taxation  and  of  political  economy,  and  of 


15 

financial  and  social  questions,  to  elaborate  and  perfect  a 
revenue  system  for  a  State  like  ours,  which  will  produce 
equality  and  uniformity  in  taxation,  during  any  session 
of  the  Legislature.  The  most  that  anybody  can  do  with- 
out revising  the  whole  system  is  to  engage  in  patchwork. 
What  is  essential  is  that  facts  and  the  materials  of  infor- 
mation shall  be  first  collected,  the  condition  and  exper- 
ience of  other  countries  be  investigated  and  compared 
with  our  own,  and  then  when  all  the  sources  of  informa- 
tion have  been  exhausted,  that  the  results  shall  be  laid 
before  the  people,  whose  interests  are  to  be  affected,  and 
laws  can  be  passed  which  will  more  equally  distribute  the 
burdens  of  the  State  and  of  our  local  municipal  corpora- 
tions among  all  classes  than  is  at  the  present  time  effected 

by  our  laws. 

Elliott  Anthony, 

Chairman  of  the  Sub-  Committee  Chicago  Bar  Association. 


4^^?!% 


BffR*A$$oeiATion 


wm 


-wlc  i  §  §  @  3je<- 


February  7,  1880,  the  following  Amendment  to  Article 
VII  of  the  By-Laws  was  adopted. 

"The  admission  fee  shall  in  all  cases,  be  ten 
dollars,  to  be  paid  on  signing  the  roll  of  mem- 
bers, and  no  member  shall  be  subject  to  annual 
dues,  during  the  current  year  of  his  admission. 

Secretary. 


Nostra  SCuebtmur  Epst 


OFFICERS  AND    COMMITTEES 


OF 


"he    Chicago    Bar    Association 

FOR    1880. 


President  : 
I.  N.  STILES. 

Vice-Presidents  : 
MELVILLE  W.  FULLER.  JOHN  S.  COOPER. 

Board  of  Managers  : 

JAMES  L.  HIGH.  WIRT  DEXTER. 

ADOLPH  MOSES.  JOHN  N.  JEWETT. 

GEORGE  W.  SMITH.  WILLIAM  H.  KING. 

ROBERT  T.  LINCOLN.  GEORGE  E.  ADAMS. 

S.  CORNING  JUDD. 

Secretary  : 
HOLDRIDGE  O.  COLLINS. 

Treasurer  : 
FARLIN  Q.  BALL. 

Committee  on  Admission: 


W.  IRVING  CULVER. 
IRA  O.  WILKINSON. 
JOSEPH  E.  SMITH. 
EDWIN  WALKER. 

FRANCIS  W.  S. 


GEORGE  GARDNER. 
FRANK  J.  CRAWFORD. 
JAMES   B.  BRADWELL. 
JAMES  R.  DOOL1TTLE,  Jr 
BR  AW  LEY. 


Standing  Committees  : 

ON    AMENDMENT    OF    THE    LAW  : 


ELLIOTT  ANTHONY. 
WILLIAM  R.  PAGE. 
EDWIN  BRAINARD. 
BENJAMIN  M.  WILSON. 
MARTIN  A.  DeLANY. 

ON    GRIEVANCES  U. 

HENRY  STRONG. 
ROSWELL  B.  BACON. 
ARBA  N.  WATERMAN. 
LESLIE  CARTER. 
INGOLF  K.  BOYESON. 


JUWCIARY: 


FRANCIS  H.  KALES. 
GEORGE  F.  HARDING. 
WILLIAM  P.  BLACK. 
GEORGE   F.  BAILEY. 
JOHN  J.  HERRICK. 

ON    LEGAL    EDUCATION  : 

CHARLES   C.  BONNEY. 
WILLIAM   F.  WH1TEHOUSE. 
LOUIS  L.  PALMER. 
NOBLE  B.  JUDAH. 
WILLIAM  S.  BRACKETT. 


JOHN   LYLE  KING. 


OF    INQUIRY 


ADOLPH  MOSES. 


RICHARD  S.  TUTHILL. 


ROLL  OF 

MEMBERS. 

ABERCROMBIE,  OTIS  P. 

EVERETT,  WM.  S. 

*ADAMS,  CHARLES  T. 

EWING,  ADLAI  T. 

ADAMS,  GEORGE  E. 

FLOWER,  JAMES  M. 

AHRENS,  JOHN  P. 

FOLLANSBEE,  GEORGE  A. 

ALDIS,  OWEN  F. 

FREEMAN,  HENRY  V. 

ALLEN,  CHARLES  L. 

FROST,  THOMAS  G. 

ALLEN,  EGBERT  F. 

FULLER,  MELVILLE  W. 

ANTHONY,  ELLIOTT. 

FURNESS,  WM.  ELIOT. 

AVERY,  DANIEL  J. 

FRY.  GEORGE  C. 

AYER,  BENJAMIN  F. 

GALT,  AZARIAH  T. 

BACON,  ROSWELL  B. 

GARDNER,  GEORGE. 

BAKER,  FRANK. 

GARY,  ELBERT  H. 

BAILEY,  GEORGE  F. 

GARY,  NOAH  E. 

BALL,  FARLIN  Q. 

GLOVER,  JOSEPH   0. 

BARBER,  HIRAM. 

GOGGIN,  JAMES. 

BARKER.  JOHN  C 

GOODRICH,   GRANT. 

§BARNUM,  WM.  H. 

*GOODWIN,  STEPHEN  A. 

BENNETT,  JOHN  I. 

GOUDY,  WILLIAM  C. 

BISBEE,  LEWIS  H. 

GRANT,  WILLIAM  C. 

BISHOP,  HENRY  W. 

GREGORY,  CHAS.  A. 

BLACK,  WILLIAM  P. 

GRIDLEY,  NELSON  C. 

BLACKMAN,  DANIEL. 

GROVER,  THOMAS  W. 

BLANKE,  GEORGE  F. 

HALL,  WINCHESTER. 

BOND,  LESTER  L. 

HARDIN,  MARTIN  D. 

BONNEY,  CHAS.  C. 

HARDING,  GEORGE  F. 

BORDEN,  JOHN. 

HARDY,  CHARLES  M. 

BOUTELL,  LEWIS  H. 

HAWES,  KIRK. 

BOYCE,  FRANK  L. 

HERBERT,  GEORGE. 

BOYESON,  INGOLF  K. 

HERRICK,  JOHN  J. 

BRACKETT,  WM.  S. 

HERVEY,  ROBERT. 

BRADLEY,  FORDYCE  G. 

HIGH,  JAMES  L. 

BRADWELL,  JAS.  B. 

HITCHCOCK,  CHARLES. 

BRAINARD,  EDWIN. 

HODGES,  LATHROP  S. 

BRAWLEY,  FRANCIS  W.  S. 

*HOPKINS,  WILLIAM. 

BROWN,  EDWARD  O. 

HORTON,  OLIVER  H. 

BROWN,  STEPHEN  F. 

HOYNE,  THOMAS. 

BURCH,  HUGH  T. 

HOYNE,  THOMAS  M. 

*BUTLER,  CHARLES  F. 

HURD,  HARVEY  B. 

BUTLER,  WALTER. 

HUTCHINSON,  OTIS  K.  A. 

CARTER,  LESLIE. 

IDE,  GEORGE  O. 

CARUTHERS,  MALCOM. 

ISHAM,  EDWARD  S. 

CATON,  ARTHUR  J. 

JACKSON,  DWIGHT  W. 

CHANDLER,  GEORGE. 

JACKSON,  HUNTINGTON  W. 

*CHASE,  HIRAM  M. 

JENKINS,  ROBT.  E. 

*CLARKSON,  JOSEPH  P. 

JENKS,  ANSON  B. 

CLARKSON,  JOSEPH  R. 

JEWETT,  JOHN  N. 

COBURN,  LEWIS  L. 

JOHNSON,  FRANK  A. 

COLLINS,  HOLDRIDGE  0. 

JOHNSTON,  JOHN,  Jr. 

COMSTOCK,  EDWARD  F. 

JUDAH,  NOBLE  B. 

CONDEE,  LEANDER  D. 

IUDD,  S.  CORNING. 

COOK,  BURTON   C. 

KALES,  FRANCIS   H. 

COOPER,  JOHN  S. 

KING,  JOHN  LYLE, 

CRAWFORD,  FRANK  J. 

KING,  WM.  H. 

CULVER,  W.  IRVING. 

^KNICKERBOCKER.  JOSHUA  C. 

DE  LANY,  MARTIN  A. 

KNICKERBOCKER,  JOHN  J. 

DENNISON,  FRANKLIN. 

KNIGHT,  CLARENCE. 

DENT,  THOMAS. 

KRETZINGER,  GEORGE  W. 

DEXTER,  WIRT. 

KOHLSAAT,  CHRISTIAN  C. 

1DICKEY,  T.  LYLE. 

LACKNER,  FRANCIS. 

DOOLITTLE,  JAMES  R.,  Jr. 

LEAKE,  JOSEPH    B. 

DUPEE,  CHARLES  A. 

LEMAN,  HENRY  W. 

ENGLISH,  WILLIAM  J. 

LEWIS,  MARTIN  O. 

^Deceased. 

tElected  Judge  Supreme  Court. 

^Elected  Judge  Circui 

t  Court  Cook  County. 

^Elected  Judge  Proba 

te  Court  Cook  County. 

LINCOLN,  ROBT.  T. 

SHELDON,  HENRY  I. 

*LOCKWOOD,  JOSEPH  E. 

SHERMAN,  ELIJAH  B. 

LUNT,  HORACE   G. 

SKINNER,  ORRIN. 

LYMAN,  DAVID  B. 

SLEEPER,  JOSEPH  A. 

MAGRUDER,  BENJAMIN  D. 

SMALL,  EDWARD  A. 

MARSH,  JOHN  W. 

SMITH,  ABNER. 

MASON,  ALFRED  B. 

SMITH, GEORGE  W. 

MASON,  EDWARD  G. 

SMITH,  JOSEPH  E. 

MASON,  HENRY   B. 

SMITH,  ROBERT  W. 

MATTHEWS,  HENRY  M. 

SNOWHOOK,  WM.  B. 

McCLELLAN,  JOHN  J. 

STEIN,  PHILLIP. 

McClelland,  thomas  s. 

STILES.  ISRAEL  N. 

McCOY,  ALEXANDER, 

STRONG,  HENRY. 

McDAID,  HENRY  O. 

STURGES,  CHAS.  M. 

McKINDLEY,  WM.  M. 

SWETT,  LEONARD. 

MILLER,  HENRY  G. 

SWIFT,  WM.  H. 

MONROE,  HENRY  S. 

THOMPSON,  JOHN    H. 

MONTGOMERY,  WM.    A. 

THOMPSON,  JOHN  L. 

$MORAN,  THOMAS  A. 

TOWLE,  HENRY  S. 

MORRIS,  JOHN. 

TOWNE,  CHAS.  E. 

MOSES,  ADOLPH. 

TRIPP.  ARNOLD. 

MURRAY,  JAMES  S. 

TRUMBULL,  LYMAN. 

NISSEN,  LAWRENCE  J.  J. 

TRUMBULL,  PERRY. 

NORTON,  JAMES  S. 

§TULEY,  MURRAY   F. 

NOYES,  JOHN  T. 

TUTHILL,  RICHARD  S. 

*OLESON,  INGWELL. 

ULLMANN,  FREDERIC. 

OTIS,  EPHRAIM  A. 

JUPTON,  CLARK  W. 

PACKARD,  FREDERICK  W. 

VAN  SCHAACK,  CORNELIUS. 

PACKARD.  SAMUEL  W. 

VEEDER,  ALBERT  H. 

PAGE,  WILLIAM  R. 

VOCKE,  WILLIAM. 

PALMER,  LOUIS  L. 

WAITE,  HORACE  F. 

PENCE,  ABRAM  M. 

WAITE,  HORATIO  L. 

POPE,  CHAS.  E. 

WALKER,  EDWIN. 

PROUDFOOT,  LAWRENCE. 

WALKER,  JAMES  M. 

QUICK,  JOHN  H.  S. 

WALLER,  HENRY. 

QUIGG,  DAVID. 

WASHBURNE,  HEMPSTEAD. 

REED,  CHAS.  H. 

WATERMAN,  ARBA  N. 

RUBENS,  HARRY. 

WATERMAN,  RICHARD. 

RICABY,  RICHARD  W. 

WHITE,  HUGH  A. 

RICHBERG,  JOHN  C. 

WHITEHOUSE,  WM.  F. 

RIDDLE,  FRANCIS  A. 

WHITESIDE,  THOMAS  C. 

ROBERTS,  JAMES  H. 

WHITON,  HENRY  K. 

ROBERTS.  R.  BIDDLE. 

WILKINSON,  IRA  0. 

ROBINSON,  MICHAEL  W. 

WILLARD,  GEORGE. 

ROSENTHAL,  JULIUS. 

WILLIAMS,  NORMAN. 

ROUNTREE,  JOHN  M. 

WILSON,  BENJAMIN  M. 

SCHINTZ.  THEODORE. 

WILSON,  ISAAC  G. 

SCHUYLER,  DANIEL  J. 

WILSON,  JOHN  P. 

SCOTT,  IRA. 

WINSTON,  FREDERICK  S. 

SEARS,  NATHANIEL  C. 

WITHROW,  THOMAS  F. 

*Deceased.                                   §Elected 

Judge  Circuit  Court  Cook  County. 

^Elected  Judge  Circui 

t  Court  Lake  County. 

Donnelley,  Gassette  &  Loyd,  Printers. 

n  **&*• 

h 


* 


